Customer Product Publications

Kamaboko is a processed fish product based on surimi, which is widely consumed by the public. Catfish protein isolate (CPI) can be applied to kamaboko to improve product quality. The aim of this research was to produce CPI and evaluate the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of kamaboko from Asian seabass surimi with CPI. The steps carried out in this research were the production of CPI using pH shifting, preparation of kamaboko, analysis of the amino acid profile of CPI, and physical, chemical, and sensory analysis of kamaboko. The kamaboko formula consisted of control (F1) and four treatments adding CPI, namely F2 (5 %), F3 (10 %), F4 (15%), and F5 (20 %) per weight of surimi. CPI had a yield and protein recovery of 16.11 % wb and 20.96 % wb, respectively, from fresh catfish. The CPI protein content was 93.71 % db, which met Codex standards. CPI was rich in essential amino acids such as leucine, lysine, threonine, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. The addition of CPI had a significant effect on the physical (colour, whiteness index, water holding capacity, profile textural), ash, protein, lipid, carbohydrate content, and sensory properties (appearance, texture, folding and biting test) of kamaboko. Kamaboko in all treatments had higher protein content than that of the standard composition of kamaboko in Japan, Korean commercial kamaboko, and met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). F4 was the best treatment based on physical properties, proximate composition and sensory. Therefore,CPI could be used as an additive ingredient to increase colour, protein, and texture in kamaboko.

Infectious wounds on the skin surface are easily colonized by bacteria from pyogenic group that manifest as inflammation, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P.aeruginosais a Gram–negative bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen known for causinginvasive state in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. The aim of thisstudy was to detect the 16S rRNAand gyrB genes in P. aeruginosausing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The sample in this study was pus isolate from a 5–year–old boy with leg wounds. The bacteria were isolated on brain heart infusion broth (BHIB)media and identified with molecular identification.Sequencing and BLAST analysis werecarried out to determine the similarity of gene identity by comparing sample sequence with other isolate sequences on the Gene Bank. The results of molecular identification showed amplification DNA band of around 934 base pairs (bp)for 16SrRNAand 225 bp forgyrBgene. The BLAST program demonstratedthat the sample had99.89% similarity with P. aeruginosastrain XC4 (accession code ON795960.1) for the 16SrRNAgene. Meanwhile, the gyrB gene exhibited99.10% similaritywith the P. aeruginosastrain PSA–1.2 (accession code KP172300.1).

MAS disease (Motyle Aeromonas hydrophila) is a prevalent bacterial infection that affects freshwater lobsters. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of CpG-ODN as an immunostimulant and protecting agent in Cherax quadricarinatus lobsters. The study was conducted at the Fish Health Laboratory, Pangkep State Polytechnic, Indonesia. The lobsters were divided into different groups and injected with three types of CpG-ODN (2133, 2006, 1668) or a control group using PBS. Parameters such as Total Hemocyte Count, Phagocytic Index, and Lysozyme Activity were measured at multiple time points, including before and after injection. CpG-ODN 2006 showed significant immunostimulant effects, as evidenced by a notable increase in total hemocyte count, phagocytic index, and lysozyme activity compared to the other CpG-ODN types. On the other hand, CpG-ODN 2133 exhibited potential as a protecting agent against Aeromonas hydrophila, as lobsters injected with this CpG-ODN demonstrated higher survival rates in the challenge test compared to the control group. These findings contribute to our understanding of immunostimulant strategies and protective mechanisms in freshwater lobsters. CpG-ODN, particularly CpG-ODN 2006, shows promise as an effective immunostimulant, while CpG-ODN 2133 exhibits potential as a protecting agent against A. hydrophila. Further exploration of CpG-ODN applications could lead to advancements in disease management in aquaculture.

The development of meat analogues focuses on sustainable production and requires attention to their nutritional, physicochemical, and sensory values. Anchovy protein isolate (API) is a novel and potential binding agent in the development of meat analogues. This study aimed to produce API and evaluate the physical, proximate, and sensory qualities of patty meat analogue (PMA) with the addition of API. The preparation method for API uses pH-shifting. The ratios of API added to the meat analogues were 0 % (F0), 4 % (F1), 8 % (F2), and 12 % (F3) per textured vegetable protein (TVP) weight. Furthermore, PMA was analysed for physical, proximate, and sensory properties. API had 87.23 % dry basis (db) protein content. The amino acid composition of API generally complied with the nutritional requirements of adults and children. The addition of API significantly affected the physical properties, proximate composition, and sensory (taste) qualities of PMA (p < 0.05). The protein content of PMA met Indonesian national standards (SNI) and was similar to both McDonald’s and ground beef patty based on United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) standards. F3 was found to be the best based on its physical, proximate, and sensory properties.

Trypanosoma evansi is a parasite that can affect animal development and cause economic losses. Diagnosis of infection T. evansi generally based on anamnesis, clinical examination, and conventional methods, but these methods have low sensitivity so it is necessary to develop methods that are faster, more sensitive, and can be applied in the field. The research aims to develop infection detection T. evansi by using a combination of electronic tongue biosensors and machine learning. E-tongue and machine learning test results in blood samples resulted in a total variance of PCA of 75.8% and LDA of 97.96%, while in serum samples PCA was 40.52% and 97.46%. Accuracy of total LDA performance for blood samples is 100% and serum is 100%. The combination of e-tongue and machine learning can detect blood and serum samples from infected and uninfected mice T. evansi based on PCA and LDA data pattern plots.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an impact on an imbalance in the number of microbiota (dysbiosis) which can cause disruption of glucose metabolism by inhibiting short chain fatty acid (SCFA). SCFA is produced by intestinal microbial fermentation of indigestible dietary fibre and it has beneficial role in T2DM. Xylo oligosaccharides (XOS) and β-glucans can improve the gut the composition of microbiota with prebiotic capabilities. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of XOS and β-glucan on the Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and SCFA in diabetic rats. A total of 28 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups
including control (C), diabetic (D), diabetic+XOS (DX), and diabetic+β-glucan (DBG). D, DX, and DBG groups were provided with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 days before receiving an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg BW) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg BW). DX received XOS (450 mg/200 g BW), and DBG received β-glucan (450 mg/200 g BW) for 28 days. The blood glucose levels at DX and DBG showed a significant difference compared with the Dgro diabetic rats. XOS did not change the number, while β-glucan increased the number of Lactobacillus and Roseburia. The XOS and β-glucan supplementation significantly increased SCFA levels compared to diabetic rats. These results suggest that XOS can improve blood glucose although it does not change the number of Lactobacillus and Roseburia. Meanwhile, β-glucan increases blood glucose, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and total SCFA in diabetic rats.

Objective to evaluate the effect of calcitriol and cisplatin combination on MAPK2, p65, and NF- κB in OSCC CAL27 cell line. Using real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR), we investigated the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect of calcitriol-cisplatin combination on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) CAL27 cells by evaluating the expression MAPK2, NF-κB and its p65 subunit. The combination of calcitriol and cisplatin 36.91 ppm was more effective in decreasing MAPK2, p65, and NF-κB expression compared to cisplatin and calcitriol groups. The treatment of combined calcitriol and cisplatin on OSCC CAL27 cells led to decrease MAPK2, p65 and NF-κB expression resulting in inhibit cells proliferation and induce apoptosis. In CAL27 cells, the combination of calcitriol and cisplatin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis more potently than either substance alone, via downregulation of MAPK2, p65, and NF-κB. These effects of calcitriol demonstrate its potential as an effective adjuvant therapy for OSCC.

he ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter has long been studied to confer drug resistance in human tumors and play important role in metabolic processes and cellular signaling. The overexpression of ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, and ABCG2 leads to decreased sensitivity of lung cancer to cisplatin. At the transcription level, the expression of ABC transporters is highly regulated and requires the complex interplay of factors involved in differentiation and development, cell survival and apoptosis upon intrinsic and environmental stress. The p53 regulation of drug-resistance genes is also complex yet not well understood. Previously, we demonstrated the synergistic interaction between bixin or fucoxanthin with cisplatin in A549 lung cancer cells.Current study aims to identify whether carotenoids enhancing therapeutic effect of Cisplatin due to the ability to reverse drug resistance associated proteins, such as ABC transporter and regulating the tumor suppressor corresponding gene, p53. Real-Time Quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to estimate the expression level of ABCC1 and ABCC2, and p53 of A549 cell lines in response to carotenoids alone and in combination with cisplatin.he administration of bixin or fucoxanthin decreases the expression of ABCC1 and ABCC2. Both carotenoids, either alone or in combination with cisplatin, upregulated p53 gene expression indicating the mechanism of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis occurs via the p53 caspase-independent pathway.

The availability of fertility markers is crucial for maintaining, protecting, and improving the genetics
of Jawa-Brebes (Jabres) cows. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) play critical roles in female reproductive physiology. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) FSHR G-278A and IGF-1
C-512T correlate with cows’ fertility traits. This study aimed to identify these SNPs and their potential associations with fertility parameters in Jabres cows. Samples were collected from 45 heads of multiparous Jabres cows aged 3–10 years with body condition scores of 2.5–5.0 on a 5-point scale in Brebes Regency, Java, Indonesia. These cows were assigned to fertile (n = 16) and infertile groups (n = 29). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out for DNA amplification of FSHR G-278A and IGF-1 C-512T fragments. Restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR with the restriction enzymes FaqI for the product of FSHR G-278A and SnaBI for the product of IGF-1 C-512T was used to identify SNPs.The FaqI enzyme cut the 211 bp DNA fragment of FSHR G-278A in all samples into two bands of 128 bp and 83 bp (GG genotype). Meanwhile, the genotyping of amplicon products of IGF-1 C-512T generated a single 249 bp fragment (CC genotype) in both groups. The results showed that the FSHR G-278A/FaqI and IGF-1 C-512T/SnaBI loci were monomorphic in Jabres
cows. Thus, neither FSHR G-278A/FaqI nor IGF-1 C-512T/SnaBI is a possible genetic marker for fertility in Jabres cows.

The xa13 gene is a recessive resistance gene against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) found in several rice varieties. Activation of this gene will trigger the formation of sucrose as a nutrient supply to Xoo for their growth in the plant. The disruption of this recessive gene expression in the plant can affect the negative impact of the gene, and recently can be created using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system using CRISPR-associated protein-9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology that requires gRNA to recognize the targeted-sequence. This study aimed to design and construct the gRNA-targeting xa13 gene in rice using bioinformatics tools. CHOPCHOP was used for generated the gRNA candidates according to the target gene sequence. Two candidates of gRNA-targeted xa13 have been selected based on the analysis of bioinformatics data. Each candidate of gRNA consisted of 20 nucleotides (nt) of the target sequence upstream 3 nt of the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence (5’-NGG) targeting two exons in the xa13 gene. The gRNA1 will target exon 1 and the gRNA2 will target exon 2, with an efficiency of 52.51% and 44.63% respectively. Data showed that the GC content of all gRNA candidates ranged from 55–70% with no target-off location in the whole genome of rice. The transformation and confirmation test based on the physiological and genomic characteristics of transformants confirmed that the design has been successfully constructed.